In this study, the STRING database was used to analyze the PPIs among the proteins encoded by the DEGs with a combined score of > 0.4, then the PPI networks for the up-regulated and the down-regulated genes were separately visualized by Cytoscape software ( ). The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) ( ) is an online database providing experimental and predicted PPI information. In order to directly observe the functions of DEGs, the ClueGO plug-in ) of Cytoscape was applied to visualize the results of enrichment analysis in figures, and p-value of < 0.05 was chosen as the significant threshold. The p -value of < 0.05 and gene count ≥ 2 were chosen as the significant thresholds. The DAVID online tool ( ) was used to perform GO functional and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis for the DEGs. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG, ) is the major recognized pathway-related database, which takes into account not only each KEGG pathway itself, but also its related pathways. Gene Ontology (GO) ( ) analysis, including biological process (BP), molecular function (MF), and cellular component (CC), is used for functional study of single gene or large-scale genome. Importantly, several key genes were validated through real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).įunctional and pathway enrichment analyses Subsequently, enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, module analyses, and microRNAs (miRNAs)-transcription factors (TFs)-target gene regulatory network analysis were successively performed to identify the key genes implicated in the pathogenesis of DIPG. In this study, differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were indentified from GSE50021 dataset. However, given the complicated molecular mechanisms of DIPG, it is necessary to fully utilize GSE50021 profile to identify more potential genes and pathways related to DIPG. used a novel method for extracting DEGs from GSE50021 in combination with GSE50022 that included DNA methylation. , GSE50021 was analyzed and revealed a potential key molecular mechanisms in DIPG by microarray analysis and bioinformatics analysis. , the gene expression profile GSE50021 was utilized only for surveying what urged DIPGs by whole-genome sequencing. Despite a number of researches have investigated the molecular basis of DIPG, the molecular mechanisms of the disease remain not fully understood. showed cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin (GAST) associated with the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathway, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 7 (HTR7) involved in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction might play critical roles in DIPG. In recent years, the advantage of gene chip technology and bioinformatics analysis is obviously observed, which is applied to analyze the molecular mechanism of DIPG. These studies suggest that a single gene or the interaction between more genes involved in the promotion of disease occurrence and development. found that activation of Ras and Akt in neural progenitor cells can induce glioma in mice, and the Ras and Akt proteins play important roles in the pathogenesis of gliomas. Previous study showed that grade of gliomas in human brain was related to the R-Ras expression and phosphorylation, indicating the EphB2/R-Ras signaling pathway as a potential target associated with cell adsorption, growth and invasion. In the past few years, DIPG cell cultures and orthotopic xenograft models have been established. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying DIPG is helpful to develop new therapies for this disease. The development of therapies for DIPG was greatly hampered because of lack of therapeutic benefits and molecular studies. 100, Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China and chemotherapy. There were no obviously advantages of radiation Tong University, No. Although DIPG can be treated by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the average survival time has remained only 9 months and 5-year survival time is less than 1%. The mortality of DIPG goes up with no available treatment, almost 100% fatality. Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is the most common brain tumor in childhood.
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